Health problems are rarely isolated. The human body is a complex and interconnected system where various aspects of health can influence and affect each other. For instance, various illnesses are influenced by lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, sleep, and substance use. Poor nutrition and sedentary behavior can contribute to obesity, which increases the risk of developing conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers. Diabetes and heart disease are interconnected as well. People with diabetes have a significantly higher risk of developing heart disease compared to those without diabetes.
In an interaction with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Tushar Tayal, Consultant- Internal Medicine, CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram, explains how high blood sugar impacts the heart.
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How Diabetes Affects The Heart
“People with diabetes are 2-4 times more likely than others to develop heart disease,” said Dr Tayal, adding, “This happens because diabetics are more likely to have certain risk factors, such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol.”
Heart attack happens when blood circulating to the heart is slowed or stopped because of a blocked artery. This may sometimes even lead to heart failure which happens when the heart loses its ability to pump blood.
According to the doctor, in diabetics, the inner lining of blood vessels called endothelium becomes damaged which promotes deposition of cholesterol-rich plaques which can eventually cause blockage. “Damaged endothelium is then unable to release certain hormones which relaxes the blood vessels which further promotes blockage,” he explained.
Over time, high blood sugar can damage blood vessels and the nerves that control your heart, noted the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), adding that people with diabetes are also more likely to have other conditions that raise the risk for heart disease, such as high blood pressure, too much Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) “bad” cholesterol, and high triglycerides.
Ways To Manage Diabetes And Maintain Heart Health
The CDC provides guidelines for individuals with diabetes to promote heart health. Here are some recommendations to take care of diabetes for heart health:
Manage blood glucose levels
Keeping blood glucose levels within the target range is crucial for managing diabetes and reducing the risk of heart disease. This involves regularly monitoring blood sugar levels, following a prescribed diabetes management plan, and taking medications as prescribed.
Control blood pressure
High blood pressure is a significant risk factor for heart disease. Individuals with diabetes should work with their healthcare team to monitor and manage blood pressure effectively. This may involve lifestyle modifications (such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, limited sodium intake, and weight management) and medication if necessary.
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Control cholesterol levels
Elevated cholesterol levels, particularly high LDL cholesterol, increase the risk of heart disease. Diabetes can impact cholesterol levels, and individuals with diabetes should work with their healthcare provider to monitor and manage cholesterol effectively. This may involve lifestyle changes, such as adopting a heart-healthy diet low in saturated and trans fats, along with medications if needed.
Maintain a healthy lifestyle
Adopting a healthy lifestyle is essential for both diabetes and heart health. This includes eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Regular physical activity is also crucial, aiming for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week. It's important to avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption.
Regular medical check-ups
Regular medical check-ups are vital for monitoring diabetes and assessing cardiovascular risk. Individuals with diabetes should schedule regular visits with their healthcare provider to monitor blood glucose levels, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and overall cardiovascular health. These visits provide an opportunity to discuss any concerns or adjustments needed in the management plan.
