A deep, dull, and persistent ache that feels like it originates from within the affected bone can mean several things. But how do we really know whether it is a benign condition or a malignant one, like bone cancer? Speaking with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Salil Patkar, Medical Oncologist, Fortis Hiranandani Hospital, Vashi, explains the difference between the two and also shares what bone cancer symptoms look like.
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Understanding The Difference Between Benign Bone Growth Vs Malignant One
“Differentiating between a benign bony growth and a malignant one requires thorough medical evaluation,” says Dr Patkar, adding, “Benign growths are typically non-cancerous and do not spread to other body parts. They often have distinct borders and do not invade surrounding tissues. On the other hand, malignant growths tend to be cancerous and have the potential to spread (metastasise) to other areas, making early detection crucial.”
Osteosarcoma, also called osteogenic sarcoma, is the most common primary bone cancer, with a worldwide incidence of 3.4 cases per million people per year, as per a comprehensive review published in the Journal SICOT J.
How To Know If It Is Bone Cancer
According to Dr Patkar, distinguishing normal bone pain from cancer-related bone pain can be challenging, as they have similar characteristics.
“Normal bone pain usually arises from minor injuries or overuse and improves with rest and time. Cancer-related bone pain, however, may persist, worsen, or occur at rest. It can be severe, often waking the person from sleep,” He notes.
“Other symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and general malaise may accompany cancer-related bone pain.
“If persistent bone pain is present, especially in combination with other concerning symptoms, a thorough medical evaluation is needed to reach the root cause,” he added.
Other common symptoms of bone cancer include bone pain, which may be accompanied by swelling or tenderness around the affected area. As the cancer progresses, there may be fractures in the affected bone due to its weakened state. Sometimes, a visible mass or lump might be present over the bone, says the doctor.
Medical professionals may perform imaging tests, such as X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, or bone scans, and possibly conduct a biopsy to examine the tissue for cancer cells. A biopsy helps determine cancerous cells' presence, type, and aggressiveness.
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Cancer Metastasis
Bone cancer can quickly spread to other body parts through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, known as cancer metastasis. This is also called bone cancer metastasis or advanced bone cancer. Dr Patkar shares, “Some common areas where bone cancer can spread include the lungs, liver, and other bones, which is why detecting and treating bone cancer early can reduce the risk of metastasis and improve the chances of successful treatment.”
“A medical evaluation with imaging tests and possibly a biopsy is essential to differentiate between benign and malignant bony growths. Persistent bone pain, especially when accompanied by other concerning symptoms, requires prompt medical attention to rule out cancer-related bone issues,” he concludes.
